Poetry in Wartime

Poetry in Wartime

illustration from wpshoppe.com

It is recommended that the documentary Voices of Wartime be shown initially as a lead-in to working with the material in the module. If this module is to be used in conjunction with other thematic modules, then it is appropriate to view the documentary at the beginning of the course of study and refer back to portions of the documentary that support the topics being engaged. 

Poetry offered in this module is chronologically arranged beginning with Enheduanna, thought to be history’s earliest recorded writer, and ending with an excerpt from the work of Seamus Heaney, 1995 Nobel Literature Prize winner. All of the poems, with the exception of the two works by young persons towards the end of the module, are followed by questions for reflection or discussion, activities or suggested work for research or further investigation. Poetry of a significant number of poets, for example: Enheduanna, Homer, Emily Dickinson, Walt Whitman, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Langston Hughes, Chris Abani, and Antonieta Villamil are linked to historical activities and research. A special series of suggested activities is provided on British Poets and Writers.

At the end of Poetry in Wartime is a comprehensive Annotated Bibliography that appears in four sections:
Background information on the two anthologies that helped provide a significant amount of material for the film, Voices in Wartime;

  1. Selected writing by those individuals interviewed or featured in the film,
  2. Books about the poets who are included in the film, and
  3. Selected bibliography of writers who are referred to in the film or through interview segments in the module. This bibliography can prove to be extremely valuable when conducting research, working on expanding a topic, or just for the joy of finding additional material to read.
The significance of poetry is certainly contained within the words. However, hearing poetry read aloud has an unusual power. Encourage students to read poems out loud. Pave the way by reading a selection from Poetry in Wartime. Allow students to hear poems several times before even discussing them in class. Select a poem and read it once, then have students jot notes about what they believe the poem is about. Have it read a second and third time. Each time ask for explanation. Discuss with students how they interpretations may have changed. 
 
Finally, within Poetry in Wartime is a continuous conversation thread about poetry and the role of poets. Use the discussion questions offered in the module as a personal reflection on what poetry means to each person in the class. 

Acknowledgements

The module, “Poetry in Wartime,” includes poetry from the feature film, Voices in Wartime. A number of the poems heard in the film were originally submitted to “Poets Against War,” http://www.poetsagainstthewar.org/ a website created to, promote the tradition of allowing poets to engage in dialogue and exchange of writings, and especially to voice their thoughts on war, tyranny and oppression. 
 
For those who may be interested in furthering their research on poets found in the first section of the module consult the following internet sites:
 
For information on the Sumerian poet, Enheduana, review the “The En-hedu-Ana Research Pages” located at: http://www.angelfire.com/mi/enheduanna/. In addition to providing a wealth of background information on Enheduana, the site provides links to other scholarly sources.
 
Information on the Greek poet Homer can be obtained at http://library.thinkquest.org/19300/data/homer.htm. The site contains the complete texts of Samuel Butler’s translations of The Iliad and The Odyssey.
 
The works of Emily Dickinson can be found at: http://www.online-literature.com/dickinson/. “On-line Literature” is a site that offers full texts to over 1,200 books, and a large number of poems from over 250 authors. Background information on authors and links to other sites can easily be accessed from this one address.
 
There are several sites to review for Walt Whitman. “The Whitman Archive,” editors Ed Folsom and Kenneth M. Price, can be accessed at: http://www.whitmanarchive.org/. The Library of Congress site, “Poet at Work,” can be reached at: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wwhtml/wwhome.html, and the “American Poems” site: http://www.americanpoems.com/poets/waltwhitman/ contains a rich array of Whitman’s poetry.
 
The Tennyson page at http://charon.sfsu.edu/TENNYSON/tennyson.html as well as the “On-line Literature” site http://www.online-literature.com/tennyson/ both provide in depth information on Alfred Lord Tennyson and access to his poems and writings.
 
The Wilfred Owen Association maintains a complete website on the poet and his work. It can be accessed at http://www.1914-18.co.uk/owen/.
 
“Poets.org” from the Academy of American Poets at http://www.poets.org/search provides background information and selected poems from the writings of W. H. Auden, Langston Hughes, and Randall Jarrell.
 
For background information to the Civil War photographs of Mathew Brady consult The Library of Congress website at http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/cwphtml/cwphome.html
 
For information on the work of Marie Howe refer to “Norton Poets Online,” http://www.nortonpoets.com/howem.htm.   Howe’s poem, “Sorrow,” can be viewed at:
 
Several of the poets in the film have websites dedicated to their work. These include:
Terry Tempest Williams: http://www.coyoteclan.com/
Saul Williams: http://www.saulwilliams.com/
 
A number of essays included in the module have been excerpted from longer interviews conducted for the film. These include:
 
“And the Poets Wrote,” Christopher Sawyer-Lauanno
“The Life of Wilfred Women,” Dominic Hibberd
“On Poetry,” Chris Abani
“The Role of Poets,” Antonieta Villamil
“Poetry and War,” Sinan Antoon
“An Ordinary Person from an Ordinary Place,” Pamela Talene Hale
“Starting Poets Against the War,” Sam Hamill
“The Poet’s Role in Wartime,” Sherman Pearl
“Poets are First to Broach a Subject,” Todd Swift
“The Poet in Wartime,” Emily Warn
“Freedom from Speech,” and “Portrait of George W. Bush as a Cowboy or: American’s Foreign Policy of Peace,” Terry Tempest Williams
 
The essay, “Crediting Poetry” was taken from Seamus Heaney’s 1995 Nobel Prize Laureate lecture delivered to the Swedish Nobel Academy. The entire speech along with other Laureates who have received the prize for poetry (1992 Derek Walcott, 1984 Jaroslav Seifert, 1979 Odysseus Elytis, 1974 Harry Edmund Martinson, 1963 Georgios Seferis and 1948 T.S. Eliot) can be viewed at the official website of the Nobel Prize Foundation, www.nobelprize.org/literature/laureates   .
 
Photographs used in Poetry in Wartime module came from the sources below, unless they were taken directly from the Voices in Wartime website.
 
Langston Hughes: http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=84 (Photo is by Consuelo Kanaga)

Writers in this Module

Writers Referred to in Poetry of Wartime
 
Achebe, Chinua. All Things Fall Apart (Anchor; 1st Anchor Books Education Edition, 1994).
This is Chinua Achebe's classic novel, with more than two million copies sold since its first U.S. publication in 1969. Combining a richly African story with the author's keen awareness of the qualities common to all humanity, Achebe here shows that he is "gloriously gifted, with the magic of an ebullient, generous, great talent."


Camus, Albert. The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt (Vintage; Reissue edition, 1992). 
By one of the most profoundly influential thinkers of our century, The Rebel is a classic essay on revolution. For Albert Camus, the urge to revolt is one of the "essential dimensions" of human nature, manifested in man's timeless Promethean struggle against the conditions of his existence, as well as the popular uprisings against established orders throughout history. And yet, with an eye toward the French Revolution and its regicides and decides, he shows how inevitably the course of revolution leads to tyranny. As old regimes throughout the world collapse, The Rebel resonates as an ardent, eloquent, and supremely rational voice of conscience for our tumultuous times.

Carruth, Hayden.  Collected Shorter Poems, 1946-1991 (Copper Canyon Press, 1992).
Collected Shorter Poems presents hundreds of lyric, short narrative, comic, meditative, nature, and erotic poems that Hayden Carruth wrote over a forty-five year period. This is a reissue of the book, with new cover design. Noted for the breadth of his linguistic and formal resources, influenced by jazz and the blues, Carruth gives his poems a philosophical resonance. His explorations of rural poverty and hardship— sometimes grim, sometimes funny—are deeply informed by political radicalism and cultural responsibility.

Carruth, Hayden.  Reluctantly: Autobiographical Essays (Copper Canyon Press; 1st ed edition, 1998).
Autobiographical Essays. These touching and intimate essays reveal the integrity of Hayden Carruth-- one of the most solitary, esteemed, and controversial poets of this century. Despite his wide erudition, he has lived largely outside academia. These essays chronicle a lifetime of wrestling with his personal demons and muses; time spent hospitalized for severe chronic depression; a passionate love of jazz and blues; his suicide attempt; and most of all, his uncommon, unflinching honesty.

Darwish, Mahmud; Munir Akash, Carolyn Forche, Sinan Antoon, Amira El-Zein. Unfortunately, It Was Paradise: Selected Poems (University of California Press, 2003).
Mahmoud Darwish is a literary rarity: at once critically acclaimed as one of the most important poets in the Arabic language, and beloved as the voice of his people. He is a living legend whose lyrics are sung by fieldworkers and schoolchildren. He has assimilated some of the world's oldest literary traditions at the same time that he has struggled to open new possibilities for poetry. This collection spans Darwish's entire career, nearly four decades, revealing an impressive range of expression and form. A splendid team of translators has collaborated with the poet on these new translations, which capture Darwish's distinctive voice and spirit.

 


Levine, Philip. Breath (Knopf; Reprint edition, 1996).
Awarded the Pulitzer Prize in Poetry for 1995, Philip Levine goes from strength to strength, having received the National Book Ward for Poetry for his earlier book What Work Is. This is the first paperback edition of this text, about which Harold Bloom said, "The controlled pathos of every poem in the volume is immense, and gives me a new sense of Levine."
 
 

Lorca, Frederico Garcia. Collected Poems (Farrar, Straus and Giroux; Revised Bilingual edition, 2002).
Federico García Lorca is the greatest poet of twentieth-century Spain and one of the world's most influential modernist writers. Christopher Maurer, a leading Lorca scholar and editor, has substantially revised Frederico Garcia Lorca’s earlier edition of the collected poems of this charismatic and complicated figure, who—as Maurer says in his illuminating Introduction—“spoke unforgettably of all that most interests us: the otherness of nature, the demons of personal identity and artistic creation, sex, childhood, and death."
 

Lowell, Robert. Selected Poems (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1977).
Selected Poems includes over 200 poems, culled from each of Robert Lowell's books of verse--Lord Weary's Castle, The Mills of the Kavanaughs, Life Studies, For the Union Dead, Near the Ocean, History, For Lizzie and Harriet, and The Dolphin. This edition, which first appeared in 1977, was revised by the author: there are additions, deletions, and a change in sequence in the Dolphin section; the five poems in the title sequence from Near the Ocean are now uncut; and a new poem is added to the "Nineteen Thirties."

 

Merwin, W.S.  The Pupil: Poems (Knopf, 2002).

Hailed by Peter Davison in the Boston Sunday Globe as a poet who “engages the underground stream of our lives at depths that only two or three living poets can match,” W. S. Merwin now gives us The Pupil, a volume of astonishing range and extraordinary beauty: a major literary event.

These are poems of great lyrical intensity, concerned with darkness and light, with the seasons, and with the passing of time across landscapes that are both vast and minutely imagined. They capture the spiritual anguish of our time; the bittersweet joys of vanishing wilderness; anger at our political wrong- doings; the sensuality that memory can engender. Here are remembrances of the poet’s youth, lyrics on the loss of loved ones, echoes from the surfaces of the natural world. Here, too, is the poet’s sense of a larger mystery:

. . . we know
from the beginning that the darkness
is beyond us there is no explaining
the dark it is only the light
that we keep feeling a need to account for
—from “The Marfa Lights”

Passionate, rigorous, and quietly profound, The Pupil is an essential addition to the canon of contemporary American poetry—a book that finds W. S. Merwin’s singularly resonant voice at the height of its power.
(Knopf, 2002).

 


Neruda, Pablo. Memoirs (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001).
The south of Chile was a frontier wilderness when Pablo Neruda was born in 1904. In these memoirs he retraces his bohemian student years in Santiago; his sojourns as Chilean consul in Burma, Ceylon, and Java, in Spain during the civil war, and in Mexico; and his service as a Chilean senator. Neruda, a Communist, was driven from his senate seat in 1948, and a warrant was issued for his arrest. After a year in hiding, he escaped on horseback over the Andes and then to Europe; his travels took him to Russia, Eastern Europe, and China before he was finally able to return home in 1952. The final section of the memoirs was written after the coup in 1973 that overthrew the President of Chile and Neruda's friend Salvador Allende.  

Many of the century's most important literary and artistic figures were Neruda's friends, and figure in his memoirs--Garcia Lorca, Aragon, Picasso, and Rivera, among them--and also such political leaders as Gandhi, Nehru, Mao, Castro, and Che Guevara. In his uniquely expressive prose, Neruda not only
explains his views on poetry and describes the circumstances that inspired many of his poems, but he creates a revealing record of his life as a poet, a patriot, and one of the twentieth century's true men of conscience.
 

Ray, Sukumar; Sampurna Chattarji (translator). Abol Tabol: The Nonsense World of Sukumar Ray (Penguin Putnam, 2004).
This selection offers you the best of his world - pun-riddled, fun-fiddled poetry from Abol Tabol and Khai Khai, stories of schoolboy pranks (Pagla Dashu) and madcap explorers (Heshoram Hushiyarer Diary), and the unforgettable harum-scarum classic Haw-Jaw-Baw-Raw-Law, presented here for the first time in its entirety. All the stories and poems are accompanied by Skumar Rays inimitable illustrations.
 

Soyinka, Wole. Climate of Fear: The Quest for Dignity in a Dehumanized World (Random House, 2005).
In this new book developed from the prestigious Reith Lectures, Nobel Prize—winning author Wole Soyinka, a courageous advocate for human rights around the world, considers fear as the dominant theme in world politics. Decades ago, the idea of collective fear had a tangible face: the atom bomb. Today our shared anxiety has become far more complex and insidious, arising from tyranny, terrorism, and the invisible power of the “quasi state.” As Wole Soyinka suggests, the climate of fear that has enveloped the world was sparked long before September 11, 2001.

Rather, it can be traced to 1989, when a passenger plane was brought down by terrorists over the Republic of Niger. From Niger to lower Manhattan to Madrid, this invisible threat has erased distinctions between citizens and soldiers; we’re all potential targets now. In this seminal work, Soyinka explores the implications of this climate of fear: the conflict between power and freedom, the motives behind unthinkable acts of violence, and the meaning of human dignity. Fascinating and disturbing, Climate of Fear is a brilliant and defining work for our age. (Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2005).
 

Soyinka, Wole. Myth, Literature and the African World (Cambridge University Press; Reprint edition, 1990).
Wole Soyinka, one of the foremost living African writers, here analyses the interconnecting worlds of myth, ritual and literature in Africa. The ways in which the African world perceives itself as a cultural entity, and the differences between its essential unity of experience and literary form and the sense of division pervading Western literature, are just some of the issues addressed. The centrality of ritual gives drama a prominent place in Soyinka's discussion, but he deals in equally illuminating ways with contemporary poetry and fiction. Above all, the fascinating insights in this book serve to highlight the importance of African criticism in addition to the literary and cultural achievements which are the subject of its penetrating analysis.
 

Yeats, W.B. The Collected Works of W.B.Yeats (Scribner, 1996).
The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats includes all of the poems authorized by Yeats for inclusion in his standard canon. Breathtaking in range, it encompasses the entire arc of his career, from luminous reworkings of ancient Irish myths and legends to passionate meditations on the demands and rewards of youth and old age, from exquisite, occasionally whimsical songs of love, nature, and art to somber and angry poems of life in a nation torn by war and uprising. In observing the development of rich and recurring images and themes over the course of his body of work, we can trace the quest of this century's greatest poet to unite intellect and artistry in a single magnificent vision. Revised and corrected, this edition includes Yeats's own notes on his poetry, complemented by explanatory notes from esteemed Yeats scholar Richard J. Finnera (Scribner; 2nd Revised Edition, 1996).

About the Poets


Farr, Judith. The Passion of Emily Dickinson (Harvard University Press; Reissue edition, 1994).
In a profound new analysis of Emily Dickson’s life and work, Judith Farr explores the desire, suffering, exultation, spiritual rapture, and intense dedication to the art that characterize Dickinson’s poems, deciphering their many complex and witty references to texts and paintings of the day. In Farr’s analysis, the poet emerges not as a cryptic proto-modern or a victim of female repression but as a cultivated mid-Victorian in whom the romanticism of Emerson and the American landscape painters found bold expression.


Habegger, Alfred. My Wars Are Laid Away in Books: The Life of Emily Dickinson (Modern Library, 2002).Emily Dickinson, probably the most loved and certainly the greatest of American poets, continues to be seen as the most elusive. One reason she has become a timeless icon of mystery for many readers is that her developmental phases have not been clarified. In this exhaustively researched biography, Alfred Habegger presents the first thorough account of Dickinson’s growth–a richly contextualized story of genius in the process of formation and then in the act of overwhelming production.


Building on the work of former and contemporary scholars,
My Wars Are Laid Away in Books brings to light a wide range of new material from legal archives, congregational records, contemporary women's writing, and previously unpublished fragments of Dickinson’s own letters. Habegger discovers the best available answers to the pressing questions about the poet: Was she lesbian? Who was the person she evidently loved? Why did she refuse to publish and why was this refusal so integral an aspect of her work? Habegger also illuminates many of the essential connection sin Dickinson’s story: between the decay of doctrinal Protestantism and the emergence of her riddling lyric vision; between her father’s political isolation after the Whig Party’s collapse and her private poetic vocation; between her frustrated quest for human intimacy and the tuning of her uniquely seductive voice.

The definitive treatment of Dickinson’s life and times, and of her poetic development, My Wars Are Laid Away in Books shows how she could be both a woman of her era and a timeless creator. Although many aspects of her life and work will always elude scrutiny, her living, changing profile at least comes into focus in this meticulous and magisterial biography. 

Hibberd, Dominic. Wilfred Owen: A New Biography (Orion Press, 2003).
When Wilfred Owen died in 1918, aged 25, only five of his poems had been published. Yet he became one of the most popular poets of the 20th century. For decades his public image was controlled by family and friends, especially his brother Harold who was terrified anyone might think Wilfred was gay. In recent years much new material has become available. This book, based on over 30 years of wide-ranging research, brings new information to almost every part of Owen's life. Owen emerges as a complex, fascinating and often endearing character with an intense delight in being alive.
 

Jarrell, Mary. Remembering Randall: A Memoir of Poet, Critic, and Teacher Randall Jarrell (HarperCollins Publishers; first education edition, 1999).
When Randall Jarrell died in 1965, he left a critically acclaimed body of poetry, fiction, and criticism that has earned him a permanent place in the pantheon of American letters. A Library of Congress Poet Laureate and National Book Award winner, he had a formidable intellect and wit that endeared him to--or infuriated--the finest minds of his day.
 
Now, in the nine essays collected in Remembering Randall, his widow, Mary von Schrader Jarrell, offers a distinctive portrait of the esteemed poet-critic as only she could have known him. Capturing the essence of this complex, brilliant man, she writes knowingly about the wellsprings and character of Jarrell's poetry, particularly his last and best book, The Lost World; his courageous endeavor, after suffering from hepatitis, to create the celebrated children's books The Bat-Poet and The Animal Family; his lifelong friendships with fiction writer Peter Taylor and poet Robert "Cal" Lowell; his commitment during the last eight years of his life to completing his translation of Goethe's Faust, Part One; and, finally, their marriage.
 
From their home in North Carolina to Washington, New York, San Francisco, and London, Mary von Schrader Jarrell vividly describes the restless mind and free spirit they shared in their marriage. As she writes, "To be married to Randall was to be encapsulated with him." This engrossing, intimate collection could not serve as a better tribute.


Loving, Jerome. Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself (University of California Press, 2000).
Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself is the first full-length critical biography of Walt Whitman in more than 40 years. Jerome Loving makes use of recently unearthed archival evidence and newspaper writings to present the most accurate, complete, and complex portrait of the poet to date. This authoritative biography affords fresh, often revelatory insights into many aspects of the poet's life, including his attitudes toward the emerging urban life of America, his relationships with his family members, his developing notions of male-male love, his attitudes toward the vexed issue of race, and his insistence on the union of American states. Virtually every chapter presents material that was previously unknown or unavailable, and Whitman emerges as never before, in all his complexity as a corporal, cerebral, and spiritual being. Loving gives us a new Poet of Democracy, one for the twenty-first century. 

Loving brings to life the elusive early Whitman, detailing his unhappy teaching career, typesetting jobs, quarrels with editors, and relationships with family and friends. He takes us through the Civil War--with Whitman's moving descriptions of the wounded and dying he nursed, the battlegrounds and camps he visited--demonstrating why the war became one of the defining events of Whitmans life and poetry. Loving's account of Whitman's relationship with Ralph Waldo Emerson is one of the most complete and fascinating available. He also draws insights from new material about Whitman's life as a civil servant, his Lincoln lectures, and his abiding campaign to gain acceptance for what was regarded by many as a 'dirty book.' He examines each edition of Leaves of Grass in connection with the life and times that produced it, demonstrating how Whitman's poetry serves as a priceless historical document--marking such events as Grant's death, the completion of the Washington monument, Custer's defeat, and the Johnstown flood--at the same time that it reshapes the canon of American literature. 

The most important gap in the Whitman record is his journalism, which has never been completely collected and edited. Previous biographers have depended on a very incomplete and inaccurate collection. Loving has found long-forgotten runs of the newspapers Whitman worked on and has gathered the largest collection of his journalism to date. He uses these pieces to significantly enhance our understanding of where Whitman stood in the political and ideological spectra of his era. 

Loving tracks down the sources of anecdotes about Whitman, how they got passed from one biographer to another, were embellished and re-contextualized. The result is a biography in which nothing is claimed without a basis in the factual record. Walt Whitman: The Song of Himself will be an invaluable tool for generations to come, an essential resource in understanding Leaves of Grass and its poet--who defied literary decorum, withstood condemnation, and stubbornly pursued his own way.
 

Morris, Roy, Jr. The Better Angel: Walt Whitman in the Civil War (Oxford University Press; new education edition, 2002).
On May 26, 1863, Walt Whitman wrote to his mother: "O the sad, sad things I see--the noble young men with legs and arms taken off--the deaths--the sick weakness, sicker than death, that some endure, after amputations...just flickering alive, and O so deathly weak and sick." For nearly three years, Whitman immersed himself in the devastation of the Civil War, tending to thousands of wounded soldiers and recording his experience with an immediacy and compassion unequaled in wartime literature anywhere in the world. 

In The Better Angel, acclaimed biographer Roy Morris, Jr. gives us the fullest accounting of Whitman's profoundly transformative Civil War Years and an historically invaluable examination of the Union's treatment of its sick and wounded. Whitman was mired in depression as the war began, subsisting on journalistic hackwork, wasting his nights in New York's seedy bohemian underground, his "great career" as a poet apparently stalled. But when news came that his brother George had been wounded at Fredericksburg, Whitman rushed south to find him. Though his brother's injury was slight, Whitman was deeply affected by his first view of the war's casualties. He began visiting the camp's wounded and, almost by accident, found his calling for the duration of the war. Three years later, he emerged as the war's "most unlikely hero," a living symbol of American democratic ideals of sharing and brotherhood. 

Instead of returning to Brooklyn as planned, Whitman continued to visit the wounded soldiers in the hospitals in and around the capital. He brought them ice cream, tobacco, brandy, books, magazines, pens and paper, wrote letters for those who were not able and offered to all the enormous healing influence of his sympathy and affection. Indeed, several soldiers claimed that Whitman had saved their lives. One noted that Whitman "seemed to have what everybody wanted" and added "When this old heathen came and gave me a pipe and tobacco, it was about the most joyful moment of my life." Another wrote that "There is many a soldier that never thinks of you but with emotions of the greatest gratitude." But if Whitman gave much to the soldiers, they in turn gave much to him. In witnessing their stoic suffering, in listening to their understated speech, and in being always in the presence of death, Whitman evolved the new and more direct poetic style that was to culminate in his masterpiece, "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd."
 
Brilliantly researched and beautifully written, The Better Angel explores a side of Whitman not fully examined before, one that greatly enriches our understanding of his later poetry. More than that, it gives us a vivid and unforgettable portrait of the "other army"--the legions of sick and wounded soldiers who are usually left in the shadowy background of Civil War history--seen here through the unflinching eyes of America's greatest poet.
Rampersad, Arnold. The Life of Langston Hughes (Life of Langston Hughes, 1902-1941) (Oxford University Press; 2nd edition, 2001).

Poet, playwright, novelist, and a grand figure in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s, Langston Hughes stands as one of the most extraordinary and prolific American writers of this century. As the first installment of a two-volume biography, this portrait of Langston Hughes depicts his life from his birth in Missouri in 1902 to the winter of 1941.
 
Rampersad recounts Hughes' early days in Kansas as a child of a family steeped in radical Abolitionism, with an ancestor who fought and died at Harper's Ferry in John Brown's band. Taught by his aged grandmother to revere freedom and justice, he nevertheless led a lonely life as a child. His mother left him in his grandmother's care while trying unsuccessfully to launch a career in the theater, and his father—a  black man who seemed to hate blacks—abandoned him to find a business career in Mexico. Hughes grew into a highly disciplined and yet restless adult who found personal salvation in poetry.
 
Inspired by both the democratic chants of Walt Whitman and the vibrant forms of Afro-American culture, Hughes became the most original and revered of black poets. Rampersad's study traces the nomadic, yet dedicated spirit that led him--as a young man--to Mexico, Cuba, Haiti, Africa, Europe, the Soviet Union, China, and Japan, as well as all over the United States. During his travels, Hughes cultivated associations with a dazzling range of political activists, patrons, and fellow artists, including Paul Robeson, Zora Neale Hurston, Carl Van Vechten, Lincoln Steffens, Nancy Cunard, Ernest Hemingway, and Claude McKay.
 
Based on exhaustive research in archival collections throughout the country, especially in the Langston Hughes papers at Yale University's Beinecke Library, Rampersad's masterful work presents a vivid portrait of one of our greatest writers and a sweeping panorama of culture and history in the early twentieth century.
 

Reynolds, David S. Walt Whitman's America: A Cultural Biography (Vintage, reprint edition,1996).
In his poetry Walt Whitman set out to encompass all of America and in so doing heal its deepening divisions. This magisterial biography demonstrates the epic scale of his achievement, as well as the dreams and anxieties that impelled it, for it places the poet securely within the political and cultural context of his age.

Combing through the full range of Whitman's writing, David Reynolds shows how Whitman gathered inspiration from every stratum of nineteenth-century American life: the convulsions of slavery and depression; the raffish dandyism of the Bowery "b'hoys"; the exuberant rhetoric of actors, orators, and divines. We see how Whitman reconciled his own sexuality with contemporary social mores and how his energetic courtship of the public presaged the vogues of advertising and celebrity. Brilliantly researched, captivatingly told, Walt Whitman's America is a triumphant work of scholarship that breathes new life into the biographical genre. 


Sewall, Richard B. The Life of Emily Dickinson (Harvard University, reprint edition, 1994).
The life of Emily Dickinson, Richard B. Sewall's monumental biography of the great American poet (1830-1886), won the National Book Award when it was originally published in two volumes. Now available in the one-volume edition, it has been called "by far the best and most complete study of the poet's life yet to be written, the result of nearly twenty years of work" (The Atlantic).

R.W.B. Lewis has hailed it as "a major event in American letters," adding that "Richard Sewall's biographical vision of Emily Dickinson is as complete as humans scholarship, ingenuity, stylistic pungency, and common sense can arrive at."

Selected Writing: Voices in Wartime

Selected Writings by

Those Interviewed or Featured in the DocumentaryVoices in Wartime 

 

Abani, Chris. Daphne's Lot (Red Hen, 2003).
The masterful wedding of the narrative and the lyric in these poems (whose subject is the maturation of a sensibility, the coming-of-age of a young Englishwoman — the power of her ties to family, husband and her "adopted" country, Nigeria — as well as the illumination of her own soul and that of the narrator’s) fills the reader with both sorrow and wonder. It is an instructive tale for our age — its vision of the individual will and imagination resisting the madness of politics and the destruction of war is singular and profound. (Description by Carol Muske-Dukes) 


Abani, Chris.  Dog Woman (Red Hen, 2004).
These poems reveal a prodigious imagination, which is enlivened by sardonic wit and an inexhaustible capacity for irony and empathy. Daring to span a historical continuum that takes us as far back as the rituals of Christ suffering, through the tragic history of the Mayans of Mexico, to the starkly modern concerns of contemporary life, these poems find beauty and grace in the most painful things. The achievement here lies in the poet's ability to bring an engaging intelligence to bear on the complexities of race, gender and memory. Abani’s line has a sharp precision that turns a scream into a line of memorable lyric music without losing the emotion and force. That he does this again and again in poems of such vulnerability speaks highly of Abani's art. (Description by Kwame Dawes)


 
Abani, Chris. Graceland: A Novel (Farrar, Straus and Giroux; first edition, 2004).
In this dazzling novel by a singular new talent, the sprawling, swampy, cacophonous city of Lagos, Nigeria, provides the backdrop to the story of Elvis, a teenage Elvis impersonator hoping to make his way out of the ghetto. Broke, beset by floods, and beatings by his alcoholic father, and with no job opportunities in sight, Elvis is tempted by a life of crime. Thus begins his odyssey into the dangerous underworld of Lagos, guided by his friend Redemption and accompanied by a restless hybrid of voices including The King of Beggars, Sunday, Innocent and Comfort. Ultimately, young Elvis, drenched in reggae and jazz, and besotted with American film heroes and images, must find his way to a GraceLand of his own. Nuanced, lyrical, and pitch perfect, Abani has created a remarkable story of a son and his father, and an examination of postcolonial Nigeria where the trappings of American culture reign supreme.


Abani, Chris. Kalakuta Republic: A Book of Poetry (Saqi Books, 2001).
Named after a prison cell familiar to many of Nigeria's political prisoners and dissidents, Kalakuta Republic is a powerful collection of poems detailing the harrowing experiences endured by Abani and others at the hands of Nigeria's military regime in the late 1980s.

Abani's poems are dedicated to those who shared in but did not live through the suffering, like John James, his cellmate, tortured to death in 1991 at the age of 14, and other 'kindred spirits, dreamers, fools'. In them he describes the characters that peopled his dark world, from the prison inmates to their torturers, the generals. This is Abani's first collection of poems following his release from jail, and while intense episodes are vividly described, it is above all a work greatly tinged with humanity and a durable tribute to the triumph of the human spirit.
 


Auden, W.H. Collected Poems: Auden (Vintage; reprint edition, 1991).
Between 1927 and his death in 1973, W. H. Auden endowed poetry in the English language with a new face. Or rather, with several faces, since his work ranged from the political to the religious, from the urbane to the pastoral, from the mandarin to the invigoratingly plain-spoken. 
This collection presents all the poems Auden wished to preserve, in the texts that received his final approval. It includes the full contents of his previous collected editions along with all the later volumes of his shorter poems. Together, these works display the astonishing range of Auden's voice and the breadth of his concerns, his deep knowledge of the traditions he inherited, and his ability to recast those traditions in modern times. 

Auden, W. H.; Edward Mendelson (editor). W.H. Auden: Selected Poems (Vintage; reissue edition, 1990).
This edition presents the original versions of many poems, which Auden revised to conform to his evolving political and literary attitudes later in his career. In this volume, Edward Mendelson has restored the early versions of some 30 poems generally considered to be superior to the later versions, allowing the reader to see the entire range of Auden's work. Selected and edited by Edward Mendelson.
 

Dickinson, Emily. The Complete Poems of Emily Dickinson (Back Bay Books, 1976).
Complete is the keyword here as this is the only edition currently available that contains all of Dickinson's poems. The works were originally gathered by editor Thomas H. Johnson and published in a three-volume set in 1955. Essential for academic and public libraries. (Library Journal) 

Dickinson, Emily. Selected Poems and Letters of Emily Dickinsonconvenient form. This is an excellent introduction to the work of a poet whose originality of thought remains unsurpassed in American poetry. (Anchor, reissue edition, 1959).
This Anchor edition includes poems and letters, as well as the only contemporary description of Emily Dickinson, and is designed for readers who want the best poems and most interesting letters in 
 

Enheduanna; Betty De Shong Meador. Inanna, Lady of the Largest Heart: Poems of the Sumerian High Priestess (University of Texas Press, 2001).
The earliest known author of written literature was a woman named Enheduanna, who lived in ancient Mesopotamia around 2300 BCE. High Priestess to the moon god Inanna, Enheduanna came to venerate the goddess Inanna above all gods in the Sumerian pantheon. The hymns she wrote to Inanna constitute the earliest written portrayal of an ancient goddess. In their celebration of Enheduanna's relationship with Inanna, they also represent the first existing account of an individual's consciousness of her inner life. This book provides the complete texts of Enheduanna's hymns to Inanna, skillfully and beautifully rendered by Betty De Shong Meador, who also discusses how the poems reflect Enheduanna's own spiritual and psychological liberation from being an obedient daughter in the shadow of her ruler father. Meador frames the poems with background information on the religious and cultural systems of ancient Mesopotamia and the known facts of Enheduanna's life. With this information, she explores the role of Inanna as the archetypal feminine, the first goddess who encompasses both the celestial and the earthly and shows forth the full scope of women's potential.
 

Enheduanna; Linda Wolfsgruber and Kim Echlin. Inanna: From the Myths of Ancient Sumer (Groundwood Books, 2003).
Long before the Bible, the Koran, and Greek and Roman mythology, the people of Sumer recorded stories of their gods and kings on cuneiform tablets. The world’s oldest epic poem, the 4,000-year-old Epic of Gilgamesh, tells of a hero who was part god, part man. But a recent discovery uncovered another, equally intriguing hero — Gilgamesh’s powerful sister, the goddess Inanna. Inanna embodies the quest for growth. Her stories describe her growth from childish inexperience and youthful exuberance into maturity as she gains the power to create, to destroy, and to name. She is a goddess of spirit and wisdom who outwits and defies the powerful, falls in love with the shepherd Dumuzi, and, like Gilgamesh, dares to seek immortality. The people of Sumer associated her with the planet Venus — radiant, strong, mysterious. Using Sumerian scholarship as a guide, Kim Echlin offers a sensitive and knowledgeable translation of the Inanna stories. Accompanied by the exquisite illustrations of Linda Wolfsgruber, these tales will interest both students of history and myth and anyone who appreciates art and poetry.
 

Hamill, Sam.  Almost Paradise: New and Selected Poems and Translations (Shambhala, 2005).
Sam Hamill is that rare figure whose life is continually in dialogue with the rich and diverse tradition of poetry, whether that dialogue takes the form of translating the work of a poet long dead, writing a poem in celebration of the work of a contemporary poet, or musing on what it means to be a poet himself. A true poet's poet—and also the founding editor of Copper Canyon Press, one of the most influential publishers of poetry today—Hamill has been part of America's poetry scene for decades and has won numerous prizes and awards for his work. This collection presents the best of Hamill's work from his 13 books of original poetry and from his numerous critically acclaimed works of translation, as well as a number of new, previously unpublished poems.
 

Hamill, Sam.  Destination Zero: Poems 1970-1995 (White Pine Press, 1997).
The founding editor of Copper Canyon Press is famous for his translations of classical Chinese, Japanese, Greek, and Latin poetry. But he writes good, solid original poetry full of graceful images and quiet meaning, too. This large, retrospective collection incorporating recent revisions is arranged chronologically, letting us see Hamill slowly honing his craft, making his work as pure as possible. He perhaps unwittingly refers to that work when he says of the natural world, "Always, the world we invent or build / around us remains dark. But there is always/ a door or window, and, beyond it, light." Although he walks through darkness, he also creates the illumination to guide us by means of his hopefulness, subtlety, and strength. In his world, you can always ease into a "tattered chair in trembling light as the sunset / slides into a shadow / ghosting the dark Pacific." (Description written by Elizabeth Millard)

 
Hamill, Sam. The Erotic Spirit (Shambhala, 1999).
Hamill, poet and translator, has created a ravishing anthology of poetry celebrating the spiritual aspect of eros, the longing not only to merge one's body with another, but to join souls. This sacred eroticism, expressed in such poems as the "Song of Songs," has been experienced through the ages and around the world as a path to a perfect love, to God no less. Hamill has chosen poems from various cultures expressing this soulful passion, but he hasn't neglected the wry side of eros, that is, the often disappointing conflict between idealized desire and the complex realities of corporal love. Hamill begins with Sappho and other early Greeks and moves on to the ever-teasing Catullus and, of course, Ovid. His selections of love poems by T'ang dynasty Chinese poets and Japanese poets are either gentle or piquant, balancing the rarefied view of Buddhists with the practiced physicality of the Taoists. Sufi love poems stand in interesting contrast to such teasing British bards as Robert Herrick and Andrew Marvell, who in turn, seem quite facile in comparison to such earthy romantics as Walt Whitman and Pablo Neruda. Other poets include Charles Baudelaire, Anna Akhmatova, Denise Levertov, Robert Creeley, Lucille Clifton, and Adrienne Rich.


Hamill, Sam.  The Sound of Water (Shambhala Centaur Editions; miniature edition, 2000).
Here are more than 200 of the best haiku of Japanese literature translated by one of America's premier poet-translators. The haiku is one of the most popular and widely recognized poetic forms in the world. In just three lines a great haiku presents a crystalline moment of image, emotion, and awareness. This illustrated collection includes haiku by the great masters from the 17th to the early 20th Century.
 

Hamill, Sam and J. P. Seaton. The Poetry of Zen (Shambhala).
A Zen poem is nothing other than an expression of the enlightened mind, a handful of simple words that disappear beneath the moment of insight to which it bears witness. Poetry has been an essential aid to Zen Buddhist practice from the dawn of Zen—and Zen has also had a profound influence on the secular poetry of the countries in which it has flourished. Here, two of America's most renowned poets and translators provide an overview of Zen poetry from China and Japan in all its rich variety, from the earliest days to the twentieth century. Included are works by Lao Tzu, Han Shan, Li Po, Dogen Kigen, Saigyo, Basho, Chiao Jan, Yuan Mei, Ryokan, and many others. Sam Hamill and J. P. Seaton provide illuminating introductions to the Chinese and Japanese sections that set the poets and their work in historical context. Short biographies of the poets are also included.
 

Heaney, Seamus. The Cure at Troy : A Version of Sophocles' Philoctetes (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1991).
The Cure at Troy is Seamus Heaney's version of Sophocles' Philoctetes. Written in the fifth century BC, this play concerns the predicament of the outcast hero, Philoctetes, whom the Greeks marooned on the island of Lemnos and forgot about until the closing stages of the Siege of Troy. Abandoned because of a wounded foot, Philoctetes nevertheless possesses an invincible bow without which the Greeks cannot win the Trojan War. They are forced to return to Lemnos and seek out Philoctetes' support in a drama that explores the conflict between personal integrity and political expediency.

Heaney's version of Philoctetes is a fast-paced, brilliant work ideally suited to the stage. Heaney holds on to the majesty of the Greek original, but manages to give his verse the flavor of Irish speech and context. 
 
Heaney, Seamus. Seeing Things: Poems (Farrar, Straus and Giroux; Reprint edition,1993).
Seeing Things (1991), as Edward Hirsch wrote in The New York Times Book Review, "is a book of thresholds and crossings, of losses balanced by marvels, of casting and gathering and the hushed, contrary air between water and sky, earth and heaven." Along with translations from the Aeneid and the Inferno, this book offers several poems about Heaney's late father.

Heaney, Seamus. The Spirit Level: Poems (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1997).
The Spirit Level was the first book of poems Heaney published after winning the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1995. Reviewing this book in The New York Times Book Review, Richard Tillinghast noted that Heaney "has been and is here for good . . . [His poems] will last. Anyone who reads poetry has reason to rejoice at living in the age when Seamus Heaney is writing."
 

Heaney, Seamus. Opened Ground: Selected Poems, 1966-1996 (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999).
As selected by the author, Opened Ground includes the essential work from Heaney's twelve previous books of poetry, as well as new sequences drawn from two of his landmark translations, The Cure at Troy and Sweeney Astray, and several previously uncollected poems. Heaney's voice is like no other--"by turns mythological and journalistic, rural and sophisticated, reminiscent and impatient, stern and yielding, curt and expansive" (Helen Vendler, The New Yorker)--and this is a one-volume testament to the musicality and precision of that voice. The book closes with Heaney's Nobel Lecture: "Crediting Poetry."
 
Heaney, Seamus. Finders Keepers: Selected Prose 1971-2001 (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999).
A selection of the best of three decades of writing about poetry, a celebration of the “tenacious curiosity” (Los Angeles Times) of the Nobel laureate.

Whether autobiographical, topical, or specifically literary, these writings circle the central preoccupying questions of Seamus Heaney’s career: “How should a poet properly live and write? What is his relationship to his own voice, his own place, his literary heritage, and the contemporary world?”

Along with a selection from Heaney’s three previous collections of prose (Preoccupations, The Government of the Tongue, and The Redress of Poetry), the present volume includes a rich variety of pieces not previously collected in books, ranging from formal lectures to radio commentaries about the rural Ireland of his childhood to illuminating reviews of his contemporaries. In its soundings of a wide range of poets—Irish and British, American and Eastern European, predecessors, fellows, and successors—Finders Keepers becomes, as its title heralds, “an announcement of both excitement and possession.”
 

Hedges, Chris. War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning (Anchor, 2003).
As a veteran war correspondent, Chris Hedges has survived ambushes in Central America, imprisonment in Sudan, and a beating by Saudi military police. He has seen children murdered for sport in Gaza and petty thugs elevated into war heroes in the Balkans. Hedges, who is also a former divinity student, has seen war at its worst and knows too well that to those who pass through it, war can be exhilarating and even addictive: “It gives us purpose, meaning, a reason for living.”

Drawing on his own experience and on the literature of combat from Homer to Michael Herr, Hedges shows how war seduces not just those on the front lines but entire societies, corrupting politics, destroying culture, and perverting the most basic human desires. Mixing hard-nosed realism with profound moral and philosophical insight, War Is a Force That Gives Us Meaning  is a work of terrible power and redemptive clarity whose truths have never been more necessary.
 
Hedges, Chris. What Every Person Should Know About War (Free Press, 2003).
Acclaimed New York Times journalist and author Chris Hedges offers a critical -- and fascinating -- lesson in the dangerous realities of our age: a stark look at the effects of war on combatants. Utterly lacking in rhetoric or dogma, this manual relies instead on bare fact, frank description, and a spare
question-and-answer format. Hedges allows U.S. military documentation of the brutalizing physical and psychological consequences of combat to speak for itself.

Hedges poses dozens of questions that young soldiers might ask about combat, and then answers them by quoting from medical and psychological studies.
•    What are my chances of being wounded or killed if we go to war?
•    What does it feel like to get shot?
•    What do artillery shells do to you?
•    What is the most painful way to get wounded?
•    Will I be afraid?
•    What could happen to me in a nuclear attack?
•    What does it feel like to kill someone?
•    Can I withstand torture?
•    What are the long-term consequences of combat stress?
•    What will happen to my body after I die?

This profound and devastating portrayal of the horrors to which we subject our armed forces stands as a ringing indictment of the glorification of war and the concealment of its barbarity
Homer; translation, Robert Fagles. The Iliad (Penguin Classics; revised education edition, 2003). One of the foremost achievements in Western literature, Homer's Iliad tells the story of the darkest episode of the Trojan War. At its center is Achilles, the greatest warrior-champion of the Greeks, and his conflict with his leader Agamemnon. Interwoven in the tragic sequence of events are powerfully moving descriptions of the ebb and flow of battle, the besieged city of Ilium (Troy), the feud between the gods, and the fate of mortals.


Homer; translation, Robert Fagles. The Odyssey (Penguin Classics; revised education edition, 2003).
The Odyssey is literature's grandest evocation of everyman's journey through life. Odysseus' reliance on his wit and wiliness for survival in his encounters with divine and natural forces, during his ten-year voyage home to Ithaca after the Trojan War, is at once the timeless human story and an individual test of moral endurance. In the myths and legends that are retold here, Fagles has captured the energy and poetry of Homer's original in a bold, contemporary idiom, and given us an Odyssey to read aloud, to savor, and to treasure for its sheer lyrical mastery. 

Howe, Marie. The Good Thief: Poems (National Poetry Series, Persea Books; first education edition, 1988).  Selected by Margaret Atwood as a winner in the 1987 Open Competition of the National Poetry Series, this unique collection was the first sounding of a deeply authentic voice. Howe's early writings concern relationship, attachment, and loss, in a highly original search for personal transcendence. Many of the 34 poems in The Good Thief appeared in such prestigious journals and periodicals as The Atlantic, The American Poetry Review, Poetry, Ploughshares, The Agni Review, and The Partisan Review.

Howe, Marie. What the Living Do: Poems (W.W. Norton & Company; new education edition, 1999).
Informed by the death of a beloved brother, here are the stories of childhood, its thicket of sex and sorrow and joy, boys and girls growing into men and women, stories of a brother who in his dying could teach how to be most alive. What the Living Do reflects "a new form of confessional poetry, one shared to some degree by other women poets such as Sharon Olds and Jane Kenyon. Unlike the earlier confessional poetry of Plath, Lowell, Sexton et al., Howe's writing is not so much a moan or a shriek as a song. It is a genuinely feminine form . . . a poetry of intimacy, witness, honesty, and relation" (Boston Globe).

Hughes, Langston; Arnold Rampersad (editor). The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes (Vintage Classics; first classics education edition, 1995).
This generous volume is a genuine literary milestone, the first comprehensive collection of the verse of a writer who has been called both the poet laureate of African America and our greatest popular poet since Walt Whitman. The book contains 860 poems, including all the verse that Hughes published during his lifetime, and nearly 300 that have never before appeared in book form.
Hughes, Langston. The Dream Keeper and Other Poems (Knopf Books for Young Readers, 1996).
In a larger format, featuring Brian Pinkney's scratchboard art on every spread, Hughes's inspirational
message to young people is as relevant today as it was in 1932.
 


Hughes, Langston. The Ways of White Folks: Stories (Vintage Classics, reprint edition, 1990).
In these acrid and poignant stories, Hughes depicted black people colliding—sometimes humorously, more often tragically—with whites in the 1920s and '30s.


Jarrell, Randall. Randall Jarrell's Book of Stories: An Anthology (New York Review Books Classics, 2002).
In this engagingly diverse anthology, critic and poet Randall Jarrell illuminates storytelling as a fundamental human impulse. Redefining the story form in this collection of world classics, he sets ballads, poems, parables, anecdotes, fairy tales, and legends alongside short stories by Anton Chekhov, Isak Dinesen, Robert Frost, D. H. Lawrence, Katherine Anne Porter, Leo Tolstoy, and others. Jarrell’s inimitable taste and innovative choices — he includes both well-known works like Gogol’s “The Nose” and quirkier selections such as Chuang Tzu’s “Five Anecdotes” — deepen the reader’s appreciation of the storyteller’s art and its place in the world. “Jarrell is everywhere the man who has just read something he loves or hates.... And what unfailing taste he possessed.” (Leslie Fiedler)
 

Jarrell, Randall. The Complete Poems (Noonday Press; reissue edition, 1981).
Poet, novelist, critic, and teacher, Randall Jarrell was a diverse literary talent with a distinctive voice, by turns imaginative, realistic, sensitive, and ironic. His poetry, whether dealing with art, war, memories of childhood, or the loneliness of everyday life, is powerful and moving. A poet of colloquial language, ample generosity, and intimacy, Jarrell wrote beautifully "of the American landscape," as James Atlas noted in American Poetry Review, "[with] a broad humanism that enabled him to give voice to those had been given none of their own."

The Complete Poems is the definitive volume of Randall Jarrell's verse, including Selected Poems (1955), with notes by the author; The Woman at the Washington Zoo (1960), which won the National Book Award for Poetry; and The Lost World (1965), "his last and best book," according to Robert Lowell. This volume also brings together several of Jarrell's uncollected or posthumously published poems as well as his Rilke translations.
 
Jarrell, Randall. Poetry and the Age (University Press of Florida; expanded edition, 2001).
Randall Jarrell was the critic whose taste defined American poetry after World War II. Poetry and the Age, his first collection of criticism, was published in 1953. It has been in and out of print over the past 40 years and has become a classic of American letters. In this new edition, two long-lost lectures by Jarrell have been added. Recently discovered by critics, they speak to issues at the heart of Jarrell's criticism: the structure of poetry and the question "Is American poetry American?" 
 

Levitt, Peter. Bright Root, Dark Root (Broken Moon Press (1991).
In the presence of a poet who has been given and who has accepted the sacred duty of bringing the poem into the world, there is the bare, but sufficient, intimation of the very beginning, of the marvel
and heartbreak of creation. Such a poet is Peter Levitt and such a book is Bright Root, Dark Root. There is great beauty in this book. Beauty is at the heart of it, at that place, Tepheret, where the Kabbalists tell us spirit and form meet, where men and women are holy together and where, as these poems indicate, light becomes body and body becomes light. All the mystical texts, which Levitt knows so well—Hebrew, Greek, Buddhist—speak of the moment and injunction: Let there be light. And here there is that light. Peter Levitt understands the necessity and risk of carrying it and offers it to us, with tenderness, for these dark times. (Description written by Deena Metzger)

 
Levitt, Peter. Fingerpainting on the Moon: Writing and Creativity as a Path to Freedom (Harmony; first edition, 2003).
In Fingerpainting on the Moon, Peter Levitt shows us new ways to create and live from the spiritual source of our lives. “We were born to create,” he says. “It’s our birthright. Our nature. Remember: Everything is permitted in the imagination!” Based on Peter’s more than 30 years as a poet and teacher, this book helps readers to express and rely upon their deepest nature in creative work, whether it is writing, painting, music, or just being alive. “You are both deeply human and deeply Divine,” he tells us. “Only practice fingerpainting on the moon and you will discover how true this is.”

Creativity of any kind requires risk—the risk of being a beginner, letting go of control, or revealing intimate or even unknown parts of ourselves. It can also be a source of tremendous joy: the joy of giving voice to our deepest needs and imaginings. Taking a gentle and freeing approach to creativity, Peter Levitt shows us the essentially spiritual nature of creative acts and helps us open our hearts and minds so we can express ourselves with courage, innate wisdom, and authenticity.
 

Nelson, Marilyn. The Cachoeira Tales And Other Poems (Louisiana State University Press, 2005).
Soaring images, rhythmic language, and wry humor come together in these three narrative poems that explore travel from an African American historical and social perspective. A cab ride turns into an amazing encounter with the driver, an amateur physicist whose ideas about space and time travel spark the poet’s musings on chutzpah and artistic ambition. A trip to Triolet, a Creole village in the Indian Ocean island nation of Mauritius, leads the poet to ponder the past and present as she reflects on the ironic complexities of the slave trade and its legacy shared by so many peoples. And in "The Cachoeira Tales," longing to take her family on a journey to "some place sanctified by the Negro soul," the poet finds herself in Brazil’s Bahia, along with a theater director, a jazz musician, a retired commercial pilot, an activist, a university student, and two mysterious African American women whom they meet along the way. In rhymed couplets, each pilgrim tells a story, and the result is a rollicking, sensual exploration of spirit and community, with a nod to Chaucer and to traditional Trickster tales.
 

Nelson, Marilyn. Carver: A Life in Poems (Front Street; first education edition, 2001).
This collection of poems assembled by award-winning writer Marilyn Nelson provides young readers with a compelling, lyrical account of the life of revered African-American botanist and inventor George Washington Carver. Born in 1864 and raised by white slave owners, Carver left home in search of an education and eventually earned a master’s degree in agriculture. In 1896, he was invited by Booker T. Washington to head the agricultural department at the all-black-staffed Tuskegee Institute. There he conducted innovative research to find uses for crops such as cowpeas, sweet potatoes, and peanuts, while seeking solutions to the plight of landless black farmers. Through 44 poems, told from the point of view of Carver and the people who knew him, Nelson celebrates his character and accomplishments. She includes prose summaries of events and archival photographs.
 
Nelson, Marilyn. The Field of Praise: New and Selected Poems (Louisiana State University Press, 1997).
In The Fields of Praise, Marilyn Nelson claims as subjects the life of the spirit, the vicissitudes of love, and the African American experience and arranges them as white pebbles marking our common journey toward a "monstrous love / that wants to make the world right." Nelson is a poet of stunning power, able to bring alive the most rarified and subtle of experiences. A slave destined to become a minister preaches sermons of heartrending eloquence and wisdom to a mule. An old woman scrubbing over a washtub receives a personal revelation of what Emancipation means: "So this is freedom: the peace of hours like these." Memories of the heroism of the Tuskegee Airmen in the face of aerial combat abroad and virulent racism at home bring a speaker to the sudden awareness of herself as the daughter "of a thousand proud fathers."
 

Nelson, Marilyn. A Wreath for Emmett Till (Houghton Mifflin, 2005).
In 1955, people all over the United States knew that Emmett Louis Till was a fourteen-year-old African American boy lynched for supposedly whistling at a white woman in Mississippi. The brutality of his murder, the open-casket funeral, and the acquittal of the men tried for the crime drew wide media attention.

Award-winning poet Marilyn Nelson reminds us of the boy whose fate helped spark the civil rights movement. This martyr’s wreath, woven from a little-known but sophisticated form of poetry, challenges us to speak out against modern-day injustices, to "speak what we see."
 

Owen, Wilfred. Collected Poems of Wilfred Owen (New Directions Publishing Corporation, revised edition, 1965).
Wilfred Owen’s death in the First World War was an irreparable loss to English poetry. His war poems, most of which were composed in a 13-month period, on the front lines, have kept their originality and force through the past 80 years. The best of them are considered the finest poems about war in the English language. This definitive editor of Owen’s poetry, based on a close study of the ms. sources in the British Museum and elsewhere, contains a selection of the poet’s juvenilia and several other unpublished poems, as well as those that have appeared in the editions edited by Siegfried Sassoon and Edmund Blunden.


Sassoon, Siegfried; Rupert Hart-Davis (editor). The War Poems of Siegfried Sassoon (Faber & Faber, 1983).
For The War Poems of Siegfried Sassoon, Sir Rupert Hart-Davis has arranged the poems as far as possible in the order of their composition. A useful Biographical Table is also included, so that students, scholars, and other readers can trace the movement of the soldier alongside the mind of the poet. Fourteen of the poems in this volume are published for the first time.
 

Schell, Jonathan. The Fate of the Earth and the Abolition: And, the Abolition (Stanford Nuclear Age Series)( Stanford University Press, 2000).
When Jonathan Schell heard all that loose talk about attainment of objectives in a limited nuclear war, it was too much for him and he did what all of us would like to do: he wrote a book. It is very pessimistic. The mere presence of all those weapons is enough to ensure that sometime, somewhere, someone is going to set one off. Schell makes sure all of us know the horrendous possibilities of a nuclear exchange and all the reasons for bringing such possibilities to a halt.
 

Shay, Jonathan. Achilles In Vietnam : Combat Trauma and the Undoing of Character (Scribner, 1995).
In this strikingly original and groundbreaking book, Dr. Shay examines the psychological devastation of war by comparing the soldiers of Homer's Iliad with Vietnam veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Although The Iliad was written 27 centuries ago it has much to teach about combat trauma, as do the more recent, compelling voices and experiences of Vietnam vets.

 
Stallworthy, Jon. Great Poets of World War I: Poetry from the Great War (Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2002).
In times of war and national calamity—writes Jon Stallworthy in his illuminating survey of the lives and work of 12 celebrated war poets—large numbers of people seldom seen in church or bookshop will turn for consolation and inspiration to religion and poetry. Never more so than in the First World War did the poignant poetry of hundreds of young men scarred by battle reach so large and eager an audience. Among the most famous and memorable of these youthful voices were those of the strikingly handsome, golden-haired, nobly patriotic Rupert Brooke, dead at 28; the serious-minded, poignantly truthful Wilfred Owen, who was shot down, at 25; and the defiant Siegfried Sassoon whose gallantry in the Somme Offensive earned him the Military Cross and nickname “Mad Jack.” Profiled in this volume, too, and illustrated throughout with photographs of the action they saw and manuscripts of the poems they wrote are Edmund Blunden, whose work is haunted by the war until his death in 1974; Isaac Rosenberg, the painter who captured the absurdity and horror of war in words; along with Julian Grenfell, Edward Thomas, Charles Hamilton Sorley, Francis Ledwidge, Ivor Gurney, David Jones, and Robert Graves. With access to the archives of the Imperial War Museum and its wide collection of rare color and black-and-white photographs, this volume beautifully combines art, poetry, biography, and the tragic, noble, bleak, and confounding experience that was the Great War.


Stallworthy, Jon. The Oxford Book of War Poetry (Oxford University Press, 1984).
"Reminds one of the large numbers and great variety of war poems from many centuries that are very good poems. Mr. Stallworthy's selections include most of the best, at least the best in English"--New York Times Book Review. "Excellently edited...this volume frames great evil and greater bravery"--Los Angeles Times Book Review. "This collection is of exceptionally high quality"--Washington Post Book World. This chronological compilation of 250 powerful poems ranges Troy to the World Wars to El Salvador, from Homer to Whitman to Wilfred Owen.
 

Stallworthy, Jon. The Poems of Wilfred Owen (W. W. Norton & Company, 1986).
This is the finest single-volume of the work of the greatest poet of the First World War.  Of all of the work bequeathed to us by that generation of young men who fought in the trenches, Owen’s is the most remarkable for its breath of sympathy and its understanding of human suffering and tenderness, at home and on the battlefield.
This new, authoritative edition, indispensable to student and general reader alike, contains the text of 103 poems and 12 fragments, among them 33 poems not previously published or otherwise available in a paperback edition. Many of the most famous have important new readings; illuminating notes and a detailed bibliographical table are also included.
 

Stallworthy, Jon. Wilfred Owen (Oxford University Press; reprint edition, 1993).
Reissued to mark the centenary of Wilfred Owen's birth, this biography is more than a simple account of his life--the childhood spent in the back streets of Birkenhead and Shrewsbury, the appalling months in the trenches--it is an enquiry into the workings of a poet's mind. Reproducing some of Owen's drawings and facsimile manuscripts of many of his greatest poems, this portrait is indispensable to any student of Wilfred Owen and the poetry of the First World War.
 
Swift, Todd. Budavox : Poems (1990 - 1999) (DC Books, 2005).
As performer, writer, impresario and editor, (of the significant anthologies Map-Makers’ Colours: New Poets of Northern Ireland and Poetry Nation: The North American Anthology of Fusion Poets), Todd Swift has defined a new kind of cosmopolitan panache for the idea of the poet as key figure at the end start of a new millennium.
 
Swift, Todd. Café Alibi (DC Books, 2002).
Swift’s Budavox: poems 1990-1999 explored sex, violence, art, and memory, to critical acclaim. His new collection, Café Alibi, written while the author lived abroad in Budapest and Paris, extends these concerns with popular culture, history, desire, nostalgia, and the often competing claims of travel and home. Swift’s crisp, elegant, deceptively calm language questions images of 'the child, the adult and the outside world' in ways both witty and disturbing. Café Alibi maps a stylish itinerary through exotic terrain, offering at once hostility and ultimate peace, poetry that puts love to the test and disarms our darkest fears.
 

Swift, Todd. Rue du Regard (DC Books, 2004).
Todd Swift is one of Canada’s leading younger expatriate writers. Elegant, moving, and masterful, Rue du Regard forms the final part of a trilogy, following the acclaimed Budavox and Café Alibi. Written in Paris and London between 2001 and 2004, Rue du Regard crosses the channel between these two great cities and between two kinds of poetry: experimental and mainstream. The book deals with looking: in, out, back, and ahead. In almost whiplash motion, certain moods, themes, and images from Swift’s earlier collections here snap forward, double-back. The universal accidents of travel and memory, love and desire, violence and innocence, are central.

Swift, Todd and Philip Norton. Short Fuse: The Global Anthology of New Fusion Poetry (Rattapallax Press, 2002).
Short Fuse is the first major global collection of poetry from the 21st-century featuring many of the poets who are defining world literature and culture. Over 175 innovative poets from around the world are represented in this remarkable 400-page volume, ebook & CD. The fusion poets define these complex times through new forms of performance and text by mixing the best of the oral and written traditions. The hundreds of poems in this eclectic and powerful gathering are ferocious, funny, erotic, elegiac, and always grounded in the real experiences and voices of our startling present. Included with this collection is a free ebook with additional poems not available in the book and a full-length CD featuring recordings by the poets. A portion of the proceeds will be donated to UNICEF. Major figures are presented alongside the most exciting younger voices. Some of the prominent poets featured in the collection are Simon Armitage, Billy Collins, Todd Colby, Patricia Smith, Bob Holman, Glyn Maxwell, Eileen Tabios, Robert Priest, Andrea Thompson, Wednesday Kennedy, Willie Perdomo, Tug Dumbly, Lucy English, Charles Bernstein, Penn Kemp, Regie Cabico, Edwin Torres, John Kinsella, Ron Silliman, Peter Finch, Guillermo Castro, Michael Hulse, Robert Priest, Nicole Blackman, David McGimpsey, Louise Bak, Golda Fried and many more. Short Fuse is the global, contemporary, and expanded extension of Poetry Nation.

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord. Idylls of the King and a Selection of Poems (Signet Classics, 2003).
With regal melancholy and superb craftsmanship, Alfred Tennyson, evoked past and present—The Isle of the Lotus Eaters, heraldic Camelot, and his own twilit English gardens—seeking to reconcile the Victorian zeal for public progress with private despair. He juxtaposed opposites—not only Old Times but New, but also Beauty and Squalor, High Class and Low—and then entwined them, allowing his work to transcend its own achievement and intentions. Using eloquence, epic and grandeur, and myth, Tennyson created the masterful style most imitated by poets of his era. And his haunting rhapsodic poems, detailing the struggles of kings and commoners, still cast their lyrical spell today.

Tennyson, Alfred. The Letters of Alfred Lord Tennyson: Letters of Alfred Lord Tennyson, 1821-1850 (Belknap Press, 1981).

'... This book is a joy to read and explore from start to finish and nobody ever caught by the mystery and comedy of Tennyson's genius will wish to be without it. The great success... is to have taken his unpromising material and turned it into a real narrative... They have done so by the range, candor, and wit of their commentary and documentation....' (Michael Ratcliffe, The Times)

Tennyson, Alfred. Tennyson: Selected Poems (Penguin Classics, reprint edition, 1992).
Treasury of verse by great Victorian poet includes famous long narrative poem, Enoch Arden, plus a selection of important lyrics, monologues, ballads and other typical pieces. Among them: "The Lady of Shalott," "The Charge of the Light Brigade," "Break, break, break," "Flower in the crannied Wall" and more. Also included are excerpts from three longer works: “The Princess,” "Maud," and "The Brook."  This edition reprinted from the authoritative standard edition and includes lists of titles and first lines.

Villamil, Antonieta. Razones de la senora bien y veinte poemas bastardos (Latino Press, 2000).   Tradicionalmente 21 poemas, en un libro que rompe la tradición, choca por su lenguaje descarnado y honesto y nos deleita con las voces de 21 mujeres, que poema a poema y en un crecendo de voces mutiladas, nos muestran su historia y nos cuentan la zaga de seres, que a pesar de las condiciones, se superan y nos hacen sentir la terrible belleza de lo efímero.

 
Villamil, Antonieta. Suave y lento (Latino Press, 2000).
"The mirror this poet holds up to nature is a cracked one, reflecting back a world made whole again. And from the thinnest shreds of hope, each of us reconstructs the world, one terrible piece at a time. A real magical discovery." (Jack Grapes, Editor)

Esta magnífica obra contiene lo mejor de la poesía erótica publicada en español en Los Estados Unidos. La poeta nos va mostrando una historia de amor, que poema a poema, se entreteje suave y lentamente, con todas las dificultades, que acarrea el acto amoroso desde la contemplación del sujeto amado hasta el desencuentro, las evasivas y la reiteración del amor.
 
Villamil, Antonieta. Traigo como arena en los ojos un poema inmenso (Trilce Editores, 1988).
Los textos de Traigo como arena en los ojos un poema inmenso, asaltan en su lenguaje intenso las zonas prohibidas de lo nocturno y el erotismo.

Excéntrica y alucinada, esta poesía se anuda como la música o el grito en una metáfora que desordena e inquiere, que se rebela y devela. Que atrapa y repele la luz, los arañazos de la vida y la muerte, el regocijo y la  violencia, en una sociedad que niega toda voz de lo femenino.
 
Villamil, Antonieta. Violento Placer (Latino Pr  2001).
Los textos de este libro, asaltan en su lenguaje intenso las zonas prohibidas de lo nocturno y el erotismo. Excéntrica y alucinada, esta poesía se anuda como la música o el grito en una metáfora que desordena e inquiere, que se rebela y devela. Que atrapa y repele la luz, los arañazos de la vida y la muerte, el regocijo y la violencia, en una sociedad que niega toda voz de lo femenino." Guillermo Martínez González, poeta, ensayista, traductor y editor. Trilce Editores, Bogotá Colombia.
 
Violento Placer nos ofrece 3 libros en uno. Publicado en Nueva York por The Latino Press, se presentan en este libro las versiones finales de muchos de los poemas y las correcciones, que por razones ajenas, escaparon imprenta en los libros anteriores.
 

Warn, Emily. Leaf Path (Copper Canyon Press, 1982).
In selecting The Leaf Path for the 1981 King County Arts Commission Publication Project, Susan Griffin wrote: “Emily Warn’s poetry is feeling, moving, dealing with the powerful and deepest part of being, yet delicately, even precisely crafted.”
 

Warn, Emily. The Novice Insomniac (Copper Canyon Press, 1996).
In her second book—fourteen years in the making—Emily Warn explores the multi-shaded whats of being. Whether invoking the persona of Esther to examine Jewish culture, musing upon the threatened landscape of her native Northwest, or witnessing the frustration of the insomniac’s darkened domain, her poems offer solace to what is most vulnerable in this world. Finding a voice for those who live in the margins of society, she creates a world of anxious wakefulness and exaggerated reality. Here is a poet whose vision is at once mature and refreshingly new. (Copper Canyon Press description)  


Whitman, Walt; Murphy, Francis (Editor). Walt Whitman: The Complete Poems (Penguin Classics, reprint edition, 1990).
In 1855 Walt Whitman published Leaves of Grass, the work which defined him as one of America's most influential voices, and which he added to throughout his life. A collection of astonishing originality and intensity, it spoke of politics, sexual emancipation and what it meant to be an American. From the joyful "Song of Myself' and "I Sing the Body Electric" to the elegiac "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd'," Whitman's art fuses oratory, journalism and song in a vivid celebration of humanity.

Sanyal: On Writing

In her interview for Voices in Wartime, Alexandra Sanyal shares how she wrote the poem that appears on the preceding page. The poem was published on the Poets Against War web site, and then republished a book that came about as a result of the web site’s popularity. Alexandra offers some poignant comments on how she writes poetry and shares how youth, when listened to, can offer a different perspective from many adults on conflict and war.

Can you tell us how you came to write the poem you submitted to Poets Against the War?

I was home because I had a cold and I couldn’t go to school and be around the other kids. But I wanted to be at school because we were learning about poetry and I really wanted to know about poetry. I really enjoy it. I felt cramped-in because I was at home looking out at the snow. I couldn’t go outside and run into the snow because I was sick, and so I felt crammed inside the house. So I decided to write a poem. So I wrote a poem on how I felt. I didn’t like the war at all and I felt I was against it, so I tried to blend it with what I was feeling because the snow so much made me want to go outside and feel it. So I wrote the poem. I can always remember how I looked out the window and I looked at the snow and I was writing a poem. It wasn’t really a good feeling, but it was a feeling I was inside when I could be outside playing with my friends.  It wasn’t really a happy feeling.

Are you glad now that you went through that?

Very!  I don’t think I would have written the same thing at school.  At school I would have focused on what we were doing at school. But since I was out of school and I had my own mind to think about, I actually wrote one about war. I might’ve written one about flowers or something but I was just flowing and I wasn’t thinking about what we did at school, I was thinking about what was happening to me now.

How long did it take you to write?

Well, I wrote it fast, it took me about five-ten minutes. Then I went inside and my mom edited it with me, and we went over it and put it on the fridge.  I didn’t know it would be such a big thing. But I still worked hard on it.

Were other kids in your class also writing poems about the war?

No, cause we didn’t bring up the war for a while in school, so not many kids wrote poems about the war. We weren’t focusing on the war. We were just focusing on the basic structure of the poem with rhyming words and stuff, but I already knew a little about a poem, so when I wrote the poem I already knew I was writing it about the war and not about a topic I would be doing in school.

What do you think about war?

Well, I think war means just fighting and killing and a lot of bad stuff.  When I was younger I heard that people could get drafted and I got scared and sad that my dad would have to go to war. I was just scared because there was just plain violence and killing each other and I really didn’t like it.

Did you and your friends talk about the war?

A couple weeks after the poem we were talking about it a little, and we made signs. And I was talking to my friend about it, and the teacher started to understand, ‘cause we would bring [it] up in morning meeting, I heard about the president sending bombs or something. And then the teacher started to notice that we actually were concerned about this and we needed to talk about it. A lot of kids were feeling very sad about it.  My other friend, his grandma died in 9/11, and he was just feeling terrible about war. So the teachers realized, they need to talk about this, it’s not just about killing each other, it’s about different points of view.  Like the Iraqis and how they felt and how the Americans felt, and it’s not just killing, it’s more than that.

When you were writing the poem, did you think about how the Iraqis might feel or how kids might feel in Iraq?

I did. My dad reads me the newspaper every day at breakfast. I always look over his shoulder at the paper, and I see all these kids having people search their homes for bombs. I just feel so bad for them, I feel like their life is totally changing, they’re being invaded and stuff, and I feel, why can’t they understand that American children have the same rights as Iraqi children and if Iraqi soldiers came and searched our homes we would feel just as bad? One time my cousin wasn’t eating all his food and my aunt said, “If you don’t eat your food I’m going to send you to Iraq where all the kids don’t have food, they have to work for food and don’t have much food.” And I remember my cousin eating the rest of his breakfast and not saying anything, because even though he was small he thought about the war, too. And he thought, “They don’t have food? I’m eating all my breakfast!”

Do you think sometimes adults don’t believe kids think about these things?

Sometimes adults try to hide [things] from their kids, so their kids don’t have nightmares.  But kids aren’t just little babies, and they want to know about this.  But grown-ups don’t see that, they say “Oh, it’s OK, nothing’s gonna happen, don’t worry.”  But the kids wanna know, “What if it might happen?”  And I want to know, “Why is President Bush this way?  Why are we doing this to Iraq?”

So you wrote the poem and you put it on the refrigerator?

Yes, we put it on the refrigerator because my mom said, “This is such a beautiful poem!”  And my Dad said, “It is such a beautiful poem!”  And I was very proud of myself that I wrote a poem.  It showed that I was really listening in school and that I got the point of a poem.

What happened after that?

We talked about it, and we started saying poems at dinner time and stuff, rhyming words.  I got the hang of writing poems very easily after that.  My mom was going to read something to my dad, it was the part in the paper that said where you could put something on the Poets Against the War web site.  She said, “You could put your poem on the web site!  It’s such a beautiful poem, people will really appreciate it.” So I was glad about that.  We talked about it and we fixed it a little.  My mom actually put it on and told me, “You never know what’s going to happen, we’ll find out, but it’s a great poem.”

How did you feel when you saw your poem on the web?

My mom said, “Do you want to come see your poem?”  I said yes.  And she came up and she showed it to me and I just paused for a minute, cause I was thinking, wow, I’m actually on a computer?  My poem is actually in there, and what will happen, and where will it go, and who will find it, and will people actually read it?  I felt really proud of myself that I could actually get it on the computer, that my mom and dad actually thought it was good enough.  Before I just wrote simple poems and little poems, and I didn’t feel they were as good as many poems, because I had read other poems and they were a lot better.  So I was glad to see that I was one of those big poets too, who wrote great poems and got to put them on computers.

Later on, did anything happen to your poem?
They showed it a lot to people and they all liked it, so I kept feeling more comfortable with it.  It was a good poem, it wasn’t like at school some people draw pictures and they take them home and show it to their parents and someone says, “Oh, what a beautiful picture.” Other people actually liked it, too.

The main thing is, are you happy with it?

Yes, I’m very happy with it.

Did it appear in the book Poets Against the War?
Yes. When I got the book I said, wow, I’m actually in the book, I’m not just on the computer, I’m not just writing it. OK, this is a big step. So I showed it to my teachers, and they all liked it and said, this is a big step for you and this is great, and I’m really proud of you. And I felt really good then, I felt like I had moved up a step.

Do you remember the first time you saw your poem in the book?
The first time I saw it was when we got the book.  I felt the same way as when I saw it on the computer but more WOW, I’m actually in a book.  And I called my friend and said, “I’m published in a book,” and they said, “You’re not published in a book!”  And I said, “Yes, I am.” Everyone enjoyed it and it wasn’t just a little poem.

When you had your poem put on the Internet, did you think about the other poets?
I thought, these grown ups had longer poems, and maybe my poem doesn’t fit in with all these grown-ups, but then I thought, I’m showing what a kid thinks about war, and I think I’m doing OK, even if it doesn’t fit in with the long, detailed poems that grown ups write. It’s going to be saying what kids think.

Does it make you feel better seeing your poem is out there?
It made me feel better when people started noticing it, and whenever people came to the house they would say, “Can we see Alexandra’s poem?” and they would read it and they would like it, and I said, maybe it will fit in with the grown ups’ poems.

Do you think that children have something to tell adults about war?
Yes, I think, grown-ups are always saying how war is terrible and some are saying how let’s fight for freedom, but if you ask kids I think kids would say, you shouldn’t be killing people like this, fathers, mothers. My friend, her dad’s friend had to go to war and she feels really bad about it, she was like, why are all these grownups going to war, what’s the reason? And I feel the same way. I would be really sad if my dad had to go to war.

Do you think kids see it more clearly?
I do think kids see it more clearly.  I think from their side they see it as, they should be peaceful, not violent. Like kids say, “I’m going to beat you up.” That’s only bullies or kids who might not have the same feelings as other kids. I think kids can see the point of people who say: War is bad, we need peace, we’re not gonna’ be with war.

Cameron Penny

Cameron Penny's "If You Are Lucky in This Life" was originally published in the November/December 2001 issue of North American Review.  Marie Howe reads his poem in the film Voices in Wartime.

 
If You Are Lucky in This Life
If you are lucky in this life
A window will appear on a battlefield between two armies.

And when the soldiers look into the window
They don’t see their enemies
They see themselves as children.

And they stop fighting
And go home and go to sleep.
When they wake up, the land is well again.

Alexandra Indira Sanyal

Alexandra was in the second grade in Cambridge, Massachusetts when she wrote this poem on February 7, 2003. It was a day when she was home sick from school and saw 13 unexpected inches of snow falling in less than 8 hours outside the window at her home in Boston, Massachusetts.  Her class had written letters to President Bush a few days before composing this poem. 


Untitled

Snow so fluffy and soft.
I like to run and jump into it.
It leads to peace and love.  
Snow stops war
and fights
that lead to killing.
So snow, come today.

 

Seamus Heaney

Heaney was winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize for Literature. Robert Lowell has deemed Heaney "the most important Irish poet since Yeats." Critics have been largely positive about his verse, and he is undoubtedly the most popular poet writing in English today. His books sell by the tens of thousands, and hundreds of "Heaneyboppers" attend his readings. His earliest influences, Robert Frost and Ted Hughes, can be seen throughout his work, but most especially in his first two volumes, where he recollects images of his childhood at Mossbawn. Heaney's poetry appears in a kind of written epilogue to the film Voices in Wartime

from "The Cure At Troy", based on Sophocles

History says, Don’t hope
On this side of the grave.
But then, once in a lifetime
The longed-for tidal wave
Of justice can rise up
And hope and history rhyme.


Questions for Reflection and Research: “The Cure at Troy”

The Cure of Troy is Seamus Heaney’s version of Sophocles’ Philoctetes.  

  1. How might the verse above represent a conflict between a person’s personal and moral belief? How does it represent a symbolic call?
  2. Research Sophocles’ Philoctetes. Write a synopsis of the story.
  3. Read Heaney’s version of the story of Philoctetes, The Cure of Troy, and prepare a report on how the play emphasizes the struggles of how individuals work to discover and hold true to their beliefs

 

Heaney: Nobel Prize Lecture

Crediting Poetry—1995 Nobel Prize Lecture

What follows is an excerpt from Heaney’s longer essay, delivered to the Nobel Academy in 1995 for the acceptance of his prize for literature. The entire speech can be found at: http://nobelprize.org/literature/laureates/1995/heaney-lecture.html.

When the bard Demodocus sings of the fall of Troy and of the slaughter that accompanied it, Odysseus weeps and Homer says that his tears were like the tears of a wife on a battlefield weeping for the death of a fallen husband. His epic simile continues:

At the sight of the man panting and dying there,
she slips down to enfold him, crying out;
then feels the spears, prodding her back and shoulders,
and goes bound into slavery and grief.
Piteous weeping wears away her cheeks:
but no more piteous than Odysseus' tears,
cloaked as they were, now, from the company.


Even to-day, three thousand years later, as we channel-surf over so much live coverage of contemporary savagery, highly informed but nevertheless in danger of growing immune, familiar to the point of over-familiarity with old newsreels of the concentration camp and the gulag, Homer's image can still bring us to our senses. The callousness of those spear shafts on the woman's back and shoulders survives time and translation. The image has that documentary adequacy which answers all that we know about the intolerable.

But there is another kind of adequacy which is specific to lyric poetry. This has to do with the "temple inside our hearing" which the passage of the poem calls into being. It is an adequacy deriving from what Mandelstam called "the steadfastness of speech articulation," from the resolution and independence which the entirely realized poem sponsors. It has as much to do with the energy released by linguistic fission and fusion, with the buoyancy generated by cadence and tone and rhyme and stanza, as it has to do with the poem's concerns or the poet's truthfulness.  In fact, in lyric poetry, truthfulness becomes recognizable as a ring of truth within the medium itself. And it is the unappeasable pursuit of this note, a note tuned to its most extreme in Emily Dickinson and Paul Celan and orchestrated to its most opulent in John Keats, it is this which keeps the poet's ear straining to hear the totally persuasive voice behind all the other informing voices.

Which is a way of saying that I have never quite climbed down from the arm of that sofa. I may have grown more attentive to the news and more alive to the world history and world-sorrow behind it. But the thing uttered by the speaker I strain towards is still not quite the story of what is going on; it is more reflexive than that, because as a poet I am in fact straining towards a strain, seeking repose in the stability conferred by a musically satisfying order of sounds. As if the ripple at its widest desired to be verified by a reformation of itself, to be drawn in and drawn out through its point of origin.

I also strain towards this in the poetry I read. And I find it, for example, in the repetition of that refrain of Yeats', "Come build in the empty house of the stare," with its tone of supplication, its pivots of strength in the words "build" and "house" and its acknowledgement of dissolution in the word "empty". I find it also in the triangle of forces held in equilibrium by the triple rhyme of "fantasies" and "enmities" and "honey-bees", and in the sheer in-placeness of the whole poem as a given form within the language. Poetic form is both the ship and the anchor.  It is at once a buoyancy and a steadying, allowing for the simultaneous gratification of whatever is centrifugal and whatever is centripetal in mind and body.  And it is by such means that Yeats' work does what the necessary poetry always does, which is to touch the base of our sympathetic nature while taking in at the same time the unsympathetic nature of the world to which that nature is constantly exposed.  The form of the poem, in other words, is crucial to poetry's power to do the thing which always is and always will be to poetry's credit: the power to persuade that vulnerable part of our consciousness of its rightness in spite of the evidence of wrongness all around it, the power to remind us that we are hunters and gatherers of values, that our very solitudes and distresses are creditable, in so far as they, too, are an earnest of our veritable human being.


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